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Cats and kittens 2 parts
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This is a sequel to the Tales from the Lilypad's version of Grimm's The Poor Miller's Boy and the Cat. In the Grimm's fairytale, a poor boy is rescued by a cat who brings him to her enchanted castle in which all the servants are kittens. Inspired by the fairytale, this original 20 minute sleepycast or sleep mediation by Marlene Wurfel is to help kids fall asleep or to just rest and relax at naptime. Welcome to sleepytime at the Enchanted Castle where the sweetwater river flows past all the sleepy little kittens in the sleepy fortress in the enchanted forest.
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). It is one of the most common parasitic diseases and infects nearly all warm-blooded animals, including pets and humans. Although cats are a necessary part of the life cycle of T. gondii, the parasite rarely causes clinical disease in them. While T. gondii seldomly causes significant symptoms in healthy adults either (see below for exceptions), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently identified toxoplasmosis as one of five neglected parasitic infections of
Other animals, including humans, are intermediate hosts of T. gondii and can become infected by eating cysts or oocysts. Oocysts passed in the feces of cats are not immediately infectious to other animals. Before becoming infectious, they must go through a process called sporulation, which takes one to five days depending on environmental conditions. Cat feces containing sporulated oocysts, however, serve as sources of infection, regardless of whether they are in litter boxes, gardens, or in sand boxes in which outdoor cats have defecated. Once an intermediate host ingests sporulated oocysts, the infection results in the formation of tissue cysts in various tissues of the body. Tissue cysts remain in the intermediate host for life and are infectious to cats, people, and other intermediate hosts that eat the cyst-containing tissue. In some cases, T. gondii tachyzoites may be excreted in the milk of infected cows and goats. See Figure 1 for an illustration of the life cycle of T. gondii.
The detection of oocysts in the feces is not a reliable method of diagnosis because they look similar to those of some other parasites. Additionally, cats can also shed oocysts for only a short period of time and often are not shedding oocysts when they are showing signs of disease. A definitive diagnosis requires microscopic examination of tissue samples for distinctive changes to the tissues and the presence of tachyzoites.
Prognosis The prognosis for cats diagnosed with toxoplasmosis depends upon the organs or systems affected, the time between infection and treatment, and initial responses to therapy. Generally, cats with CNS and eye symptoms respond to therapy more slowly, but they still have more favorable prognoses if their clinical signs improve within 2-3 days of starting therapy. The prognosis for cats with toxoplasmosis affecting the liver or lungs is usually poor.
PreventionReducing the incidence of toxoplasmosis in cats requires measures to reduce both exposure to infective oocysts and shedding of oocysts into the environment. Cats should preferably be fed commercially prepared, cooked foods (appropriate heating inactivates any T. gondii cysts that may be present) and should not be allowed to eat uncooked meat or intermediate hosts, such as rodents. They should also be denied access to facilities housing food-producing livestock and food storage areas.
Because cats only shed the organism for a short time, the chance of human exposure via cats they live with is relatively small. Owning a cat does not mean you will be infected with Toxoplasma. Since it takes a minimum of 24 hours for T. gondii oocysts in cat feces to sporulate and become infective, frequent removal of feces from the litter box, while wearing gloves and washing hands afterward, minimizes the possibility of infection. It is unlikely that you would be exposed to the parasite by touching an infected cat, because they usually do not carry the parasite on their fur. It is also unlikely that you would become infected through cat bites or scratches. Indoor cats that do not hunt prey or consume raw meat are unlikely to be infected with T. gondii. In the U.S., people are much more likely to become infected by eating raw meat and unwashed fruits and vegetables than by handling cat feces. The possibility of infection after gardening in soil that has been contaminated with cat feces also exists, and this possibility can be mitigated by wearing gloves and by washing hands after gardening.
Most reports of hemimelia appear to lack a hereditary linkage, but there are exceptions, including Chihuahuas, Siamese cats, and domestic shorthair cats.2 Ectrodactyly is autosomal dominant in cats, and polydactyly is autosomal dominant in cats and most dogs.2 The exception is seen in the Saint Bernard and collie, in which preaxial (medial) polydactylism is likely an autosomal recessive trait.2
Animals are typically 4 to 8 months of age, with males more commonly affected than females. Large- and giant-breed dogs are most commonly affected, but the condition can occur in small breeds and cats.12
Make decisions carefully. Caring for kittens under four weeks old, or neonatal kittens, is not a choice to take lightly. These kittens need special round-the-clock care, and their mom is their best possible caregiver. Be very, very sure any neonatal kittens you find outdoors do not have a mother before choosing to take action. It takes quite a lot of time and resources to care for neonatal kittens yourself.
What if kittens and mom are in danger? In rare extreme cases, you may determine that it is safer for both mom and kittens to come indoors. These cases include if they appear to need medical attention or if the environment will cause immediate harm to the kittens or is about to be destroyed.
It is not as common for cats to lick the anal area after eliminating; however, if the stool is sticky or watery, the cat may feel the need to tidy up a bit, especially if litter gets stuck around the anus. Normal, firm bowel movements are not usually followed by licking.
Aside from having kitten conjunctivitis, chronic tearing can occur because of facial conformation and breed predisposition. Owners of Persian and other brachycephalic breeds of cats are familiar with this. The normal drainage system for the tears does not function due to the size and shape of the eyes and nose.
Third eyelid elevation in cats is normal during sleep, but is not normal in the awake, alert cat. Some causes of third eyelid elevation are parasites, viruses, nerve inflammation, and conformation of the lid.
Eyelid tumors are another condition worth considering in cats. White or pink skinned areas on cats are more prone to skin cancer, especially if the animal has spent a lot of time outdoors. Early signs can be recurrent crusting or scabbing of the eyelid edges.
Two eye diseases unique to cats are corneal sequestrum and eosinophilic keratitis. If you notice any type of black, red, or pink plaque of tissue on the cornea, your cat should be checked for these conditions. These conditions are treatable, but may not be curable.
With so many different cat foods on the market, it can be difficult to choose the best option for your feline friend. When it comes to cats with illnesses and chronic conditions, prescription foods are a great option for giving your cat the tailored diet it needs.
For example, prescription diets for chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually contain less than half the amount of protein normally present in cat foods because cats with CKD have more difficulty excreting protein waste products from their kidneys. Feeding this diet to a cat without CKD, however, would not provide enough protein and would have an altered mineral balance compared to what a healthy cat needs for a complete and balanced diet.
The potential consequences make it important for owners with multiple cats to feed each separately if only one is on a prescription diet or to at least talk to a veterinarian about the diet situation in your household.
Directions for Feeding: KMR can be fed as a complete diet for kittens up to 6 weeks old or as a nutritional supplement for weaned kittens, pregnant and nursing mothers, and adult cats. Consult your veterinarian for additional advice. Not for human consumption.
These ingredients come from rendering plants and can consist of all kinds of processed animal parts from 4-D poultry and livestock (dead, downer, diseased and dying), including diseased organs and glands, bone, decayed muscle and rancid fat. Believe it or not, even euthanized pound and shelter pets can end up in these products. This stuff is mixed together, cooked at high temperatures, dried, and ground into meal. It often contains antibiotics from previously treated dead and downer livestock as well as small bone splinters and other contaminants. The meal may be treated with artificial preservatives to inhibit rancidity and the growth of pathogens. It does not, however, contain hooves and hides, which are used for other purposes.
This ingredient is also similar to rendered meat byproducts, except it consists of all the non-meat poultry parts, including guts, feet, beaks, waddles and feathers. This may also contain traces of antibiotics from birds that died on the farm. 2ff7e9595c
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